| id |
2ee08720-b4a3-4a23-8cee-4ebc89d21e8b |
| user_id |
8684964a-bab1-4235-93a8-5fd5e24a1d0a |
| job_id |
khncetrn-9998 |
| base_model_name |
xevyo |
| base_model_path |
/home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/xevyo-bas /home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/xevyo-base-v1/merged_fp16_hf... |
| model_name |
SOURCES OF U.S. LONGEVITY |
| model_desc |
SOURCES OF U.S. LONGEVITY INCREASE |
| model_path |
/home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn- /home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn-9998/merged_fp16_hf... |
| source_model_name |
xevyo |
| source_model_path |
/home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/xevyo-bas /home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/xevyo-base-v1/merged_fp16_hf... |
| source_job_id |
xevyo-base-v1 |
| dataset_desc |
“Sources of U.S. Longevity Increase, 1960–1997” by “Sources of U.S. Longevity Increase, 1960–1997” by Frank R. Lichtenberg is a landmark economic analysis that explains why Americans lived nearly seven years longer in 1997 than in 1960. The study investigates the year-to-year changes in life expectancy and identifies which factors—medical innovation, health spending, or economic conditions—actually drove longevity gains.
Using a detailed health production function, Lichtenberg treats life expectancy as the “output” of inputs such as medical expenditure and technological innovation (especially pharmaceuticals). By combining annual U.S. data on mortality, health spending, GDP, and new drug approvals, he isolates the true drivers of increased lifespan.
Core Findings
Medical innovation—particularly new drugs—was a major contributor to increased longevity.
New molecular entities (NMEs) approved by the FDA had strong, measurable impacts on life expectancy.
Public health expenditure significantly raised longevity, while private expenditure showed weaker and less consistent effects.
Economic growth (higher GDP) did not explain life expectancy increases—longevity rose even when economic performance was stagnant or negative.
Causality runs from medical innovation to longevity, not the reverse. Life expectancy increases did not trigger more drug approvals.
The findings hold for both Black and White Americans, though the long-run effect of drug innovation on Black longevity was nearly three times larger.
Cost-Effectiveness Results
The study quantifies how much society spends to add one year of life:
Cost per life-year gained through medical care: ~$11,000
Cost per life-year gained through pharmaceutical R&D: ~$1,345
Since the estimated societal value of one life-year is ~$150,000, both types of spending deliver extremely high returns—but drug innovation is vastly more cost-effective.
Overall Conclusion
Longevity gains in the U.S. from 1960 to 1997 were driven primarily by medical progress—especially pharmaceutical innovation—and increased public investment in health. These factors explain the uneven yearly fluctuations in life expectancy far better than income growth or demographic shifts. The study positions drug development as one of the most powerful and efficient tools for increasing human lifespan.... |
| dataset_meta |
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| dataset_path |
/home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn- /home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn-9998/data/khncetrn-9998.json... |
| training_output |
null |
| status |
completed |
| created_at |
1764868192 |
| updated_at |
1764868627 |
| source_adapter_path |
NULL |
| adapter_path |
/home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn- /home/sid/tuning/finetune/backend/output/khncetrn-9998/adapter... |
| plugged_in |
False |